Aim: This survey was designed to compare the efficiency of preventive methods on GINGIVAL BLEEDING INDEX (GBI) of 12 year old Tehranian pupils. Method and Material: 16 secondary Schools were selected randomly and then divided into four groups:Group I: the control group with no preventive program. Group II: the first trial group (Education G) who were introduced to oral hygiene through audio-visual training. Group III: the 2nd trial group (promotion G) who were persuaded practically. Group IV: the 3rd trail group (Education and promotion G) who were both trained and persuaded practically. GBI INDEX was measured both before and after intervention is completed (one year research period. Results: Results showed that GBI had been increased in 6 sextants from 2.6% to 23.3% of group I. This data was decreased in six sextants from 22.9% to 13.6%of the group II. In group III, GBI was increased in six sextant from 19.4%to 43.9% while a decreased was occurred in six sextant of group IV from 34.2% to 14%. Conclusion: Education and training has an obvious effect on increase of the level of oral hygiene.

Thalassemia is an inherited genetic disorder of hemogolobin synthesis. It is Characterized by a quantitative reduction of their alpha or beta chains of globin. It results in an inherited problem in synthesis of a specific type of globin chain either due to deletion of the relevant gene or faulty translation of the genetic information.The onset of the severe from of the disease, homozygous beta thalassemia, occurs insidiously during the first or second year of life.The aim of this study was to evaluate relationship between thalasemia, caries and periodontal problems. A cross-sectional study was designed by evaluating 98 registered patients who had suffering from thalasemia and recieved monthly transfusion, during 1999.Results showed that:Over all 66 male patients, had been involved with an average age of 19.8 years and 32 female patients with an averge age of 155 years.There was a significant difference between those who had splenectomy compare to those who did not recieve this operation by an increase of both GI and DMF scores.

Background and Aim: Marginal restorations are appropriate places for plaque accumulation and bacteria reproduction causing periodontal diseases or tooth loss sometimes. With the importance of tooth maintenance as teeth restorations are daily dental services, the present study was conducted to compare the periodontal status in patients with correct marginal restorations and their controls referred to department of Oral Medicine and Operative Dentistry of Isfahan Dental School.Methods & Materials: Ninety six patients with one or more marginal restorations as well as their controls were studied in a case - control method. BLEEDING, GINGIVAL and plaque indices were evaluated in both groups for the purpose. Periodontal probes were used for measuring plaque and BLEEDING INDEX and GINGIVAL INDEX was examined by observation. Mann Whitney U test was used for comparing the results in both groups. Results: 46.9 percent of cases had plaque INDEX of 0 as the rate was 55.2 per cent in control samples. Considering GINGIVAL INDEX, the percentage of patients with 0 GINGIVAL INDEX was 65.6 and 80.2 in case and control groups respectively. BLEEDING INDEX of 0 was reported to be 31.3 and 58.3 per cent in case and control groups. Statistical analysis showed significant difference between the two groups considering three measured variables (P<0.05).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, even the correct marginal restorations may have effect on periodontal status.

Objectives: Considering the changes in periodontal parameters after orthodontic treatment and lack of adequate evidence on the return of these parameters to normal, the aim of this study was to evaluate the time needed for recovery of periodontal parameters to normal after debonding. Methods: In this prospective study, 24 patients (21 females and 3 males) with a mean age of 18. 86  4. 64 years were included, who were in the fi nal stage of their orthodontic treatment and ready for debonding of orthodontic brackets. The most important inclusion criteria were: No history of periodontal problems, no extensive restorations and caries, no smoking, no systemic disorders and no calculus. In each session, the patients were given oral health instructions and then probing depth (PD), plaque INDEX (PI), GINGIVAL INDEX (GI) and BLEEDING on probing (BOP) of the fi rst molars and central incisors of each quadrant were evaluated at the time of debonding (T1), and one (T2), two (T3) and three (T4) months later; in patients who did not return to normal status (GI  0. 5, negative BOP, PD  3 mm) after 3 months, the measurements were repeated in subsequent months (up to 6 months). ANOVA followed by pairwise Tukey comparisons were used for determining diff erences in PD, GI, BOP and PI between the time intervals. Results: In general, all the parameters were decreased from T1 to T4. Furthermore, comparisons between diff erent intervals using post hoc Tukey test showed that decreases in PD of the buccal surface and proximal surface in comparison to debonding time were signifi cant during the fi rst and second months, respectively (P < 0. 05). Interpretation of statistical data showed a signifi cant reduction in GI after two months. BOP became negative and signifi cantly diff erent after one month in half of the teeth and two months in the other teeth. PI generally decreased from T1 to T4. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, periodontal parameters returned to normal one to two months after debonding.

The aim of this study is the success of resective periodontal surgery in furcation involvement in molar teeth.2557 records of patients after 1-6 years were evaluated.173 patients had Resective pedriodontal surgery.143 teeth were treated with Root amputation technique (RA), 28 teeth were treated with hemisection technique and 7 teeth were treated with Bicuspidization technique and finaly 3 teeth were treated with tunneling technique.In root amputation cases most of them were distobucul roots in first molars. (42.5%) and in hemiseetion cases the mesial part of first molar (67.85%) from these 173 patients 52 of them were visited in recall visit and the resected teeth evaluated again.39 of these teeth had root amputation that 12 of them were extracted.10 of these were treated with hemisection technique without any extraction and 3 teeth were treated with bicuspidization with 1 tooth extraction.From 39 Remaning teeth the result of INDEXes are:PPD: 1.95 mmBap: 16 teeth with Bap in grade e (41.04%)19 teeth with Bap in grade 1 (48.7%)4 teeth with Bap in grade 2 (10.25%)GI: 32 teeth with grade e (82.05%)6 teeth with grade 1 (15.38%)1 teeth with grade 2 (2.5%)Mobility: 24 teeth with grade e (61.53%)14 teeth with grade 1 (35.8%)1 teeth with grade 2 (2.5%) The survival rate of teeth which were treated by the resective periodontal surgery is 74±5mounths in this study.

The aim of this study was to mvestigate the effects of daily tooth brushing frequency on the amount of supraGINGIVALdental plaque and GINGIVALBLEEDING. This randomized matched controled single blind clinical trial.was conducted on 36 final year dental students at Shahid Beheshti Medical Sciences University (age 18-21 years).After preforming initial preparation inclouding Oral hygiene instruction and a supraGINGIVAL scaling recalled after two weeks for their baseline assesment. Plaque and BLEEDING Indices were measured and recorded the forms prrovided. Cases were then randomly divided in to two groups. The first group was asked to brush two times a day while the second group had to brush four times a day. An assessment was carried out in a 6 weeks, time to measure the indices. Results showed a significant diffrence between Plaque Ind ex of two groups with a considerable reduetion in four times brushing group.However, no significant difference was found between the BLEEDING INDEX of the two groups.